import copy

import numpy as np

from .. import util


class Camera(object):

    def __init__(
            self,
            name=None,
            resolution=None,
            focal=None,
            fov=None,
            z_near=0.01,
            z_far=1000.0):
        """
        Create a new Camera object that stores camera intrinsic
        and extrinsic parameters.

        TODO: skew is not supported
        TODO: cx and cy that are not half of width and height

        Parameters
        ------------
        name : str or None
          Name for camera to be used as node name
        resolution : (2,) int
          Pixel size in (height, width)
        focal : (2,) float
          Focal length in pixels. Either pass this OR FOV
          but not both.  focal = (K[0][0], K[1][1])
        fov : (2,) float
          Field of view (fovx, fovy) in degrees
        z_near : float
          What is the closest
        """

        if name is None:
            # if name is not passed, make it something unique
            self.name = 'camera_{}'.format(util.unique_id(6).upper())
        else:
            # otherwise assign it
            self.name = name

        if fov is None and focal is None:
            raise ValueError('either focal length or FOV required!')

        # store whether or not we computed the focal length
        self._focal_computed = False

        # set the passed (2,) float focal length
        self.focal = focal

        # set the passed (2,) float FOV in degrees
        self.fov = fov

        if resolution is None:
            # if unset make resolution 30 pixels per degree
            resolution = (self.fov * 30.0).round().astype(np.int64)
        self.resolution = resolution

        # what is the farthest from the camera it should render
        self.z_far = float(z_far)
        # what is the closest to the camera it should render
        self.z_near = float(z_near)

    def copy(self):
        """
        Safely get a copy of the current camera.
        """
        return Camera(
            name=copy.deepcopy(self.name),
            resolution=copy.deepcopy(self.resolution),
            focal=copy.deepcopy(self.focal),
            fov=copy.deepcopy(self.fov))

    @property
    def resolution(self):
        """
        Get the camera resolution in pixels.

        Returns
        ------------
        resolution (2,) float
          Camera resolution in pixels
        """
        return self._resolution

    @resolution.setter
    def resolution(self, values):
        """
        Set the camera resolution in pixels.

        Parameters
        ------------
        resolution (2,) float
          Camera resolution in pixels
        """
        values = np.asanyarray(values, dtype=np.int64)
        if values.shape != (2,):
            raise ValueError('resolution must be (2,) float')
        values.flags.writeable = False
        self._resolution = values
        # unset computed value that depends on the other plus resolution
        if self._focal_computed:
            self._focal = None
        else:
            # fov must be computed
            self._fov = None

    @property
    def focal(self):
        """
        Get the focal length in pixels for the camera.

        Returns
        ------------
        focal : (2,) float
          Focal length in pixels
        """
        if self._focal is None:
            # calculate focal length from FOV
            focal = (
                self._resolution / (2.0 * np.tan(np.radians(self._fov / 2.0))))
            focal.flags.writeable = False
            self._focal = focal

        return self._focal

    @focal.setter
    def focal(self, values):
        """
        Set the focal length in pixels for the camera.

        Returns
        ------------
        focal : (2,) float
          Focal length in pixels.
        """
        if values is None:
            self._focal = None
        else:
            # flag this as not computed (hence fov must be)
            # this is necessary so changes to resolution can reset the
            # computed quantity without changing the explicitly set quantity
            self._focal_computed = False
            values = np.asanyarray(values, dtype=np.float64)
            if values.shape != (2,):
                raise ValueError('focal length must be (2,) float')
            values.flags.writeable = False
            # assign passed values to focal length
            self._focal = values
            # focal overrides FOV
            self._fov = None

    @property
    def K(self):
        """
        Get the intrinsic matrix for the Camera object.

        Returns
        -----------
        K : (3, 3) float
          Intrinsic matrix for camera
        """
        K = np.eye(3, dtype=np.float64)
        K[0, 0] = self.focal[0]
        K[1, 1] = self.focal[1]
        K[:2, 2] = self.resolution / 2.0
        return K

    @K.setter
    def K(self, values):
        if values is None:
            return
        values = np.asanyarray(values, dtype=np.float64)
        if values.shape != (3, 3):
            raise ValueError('matrix must be (3,3)!')

        if not np.allclose(values.flatten()[[1, 3, 6, 7, 8]],
                           [0, 0, 0, 0, 1]):
            raise ValueError(
                'matrix should only have focal length and resolution!')

        # set focal length from matrix
        self.focal = [values[0, 0], values[1, 1]]
        # set resolution from matrix
        self.resolution = values[:2, 2] * 2

    @property
    def fov(self):
        """
        Get the field of view in degrees.

        Returns
        -------------
        fov : (2,) float
          XY field of view in degrees
        """
        if self._fov is None:
            fov = 2.0 * np.degrees(
                np.arctan((self._resolution / 2.0) / self._focal))
            fov.flags.writeable = False
            self._fov = fov
        return self._fov

    @fov.setter
    def fov(self, values):
        """
        Set the field of view in degrees.

        Parameters
        -------------
        values : (2,) float
          Size of FOV to set in degrees
        """
        if values is None:
            self._fov = None
        else:
            # flag this as computed (hence fov must not be)
            # this is necessary so changes to resolution can reset the
            # computed quantity without changing the explicitly set quantity
            self._focal_computed = True
            values = np.asanyarray(values, dtype=np.float64)
            if values.shape != (2,):
                raise ValueError('focal length must be (2,) int')
            values.flags.writeable = False
            # assign passed values to FOV
            self._fov = values
            # fov overrides focal
            self._focal = None

    def to_rays(self):
        """
        Calculate ray direction vectors.

        Will return one ray per pixel, as set in self.resolution.

        Returns
        --------------
        vectors : (n, 3) float
          Ray direction vectors in camera frame with z == -1
        """
        return camera_to_rays(self)

    def angles(self):
        """
        Get ray spherical coordinates in radians.


        Returns
        --------------
        angles : (n, 2) float
          Ray spherical coordinate angles in radians.
        """
        return np.arctan(-ray_pixel_coords(self))

    def look_at(self, points, rotation=None, distance=None, center=None):
        """
        Generate transform for a camera to keep a list
        of points in the camera's field of view.

        Parameters
        -------------
        points : (n, 3) float
          Points in space
        rotation : None, or (4, 4) float
          Rotation matrix for initial rotation
        distance : None or float
          Distance from camera to center
        center : None, or (3,) float
          Center of field of view.

        Returns
        --------------
        transform : (4, 4) float
          Transformation matrix from world to camera
        """
        return look_at(points,
                       fov=self.fov,
                       rotation=rotation,
                       distance=distance,
                       center=center)

    def __repr__(self):
        return '<trimesh.scene.Camera> FOV: {} Resolution: {}'.format(
            self.fov, self.resolution)


def look_at(points, fov, rotation=None, distance=None, center=None):
    """
    Generate transform for a camera to keep a list
    of points in the camera's field of view.

    Parameters
    -------------
    points : (n, 3) float
      Points in space
    fov : (2,) float
      Field of view, in DEGREES
    rotation : None, or (4, 4) float
      Rotation matrix for initial rotation
    distance : None or float
      Distance from camera to center
    center : None, or (3,) float
      Center of field of view.

    Returns
    --------------
    transform : (4, 4) float
      Transformation matrix from world to camera
    """

    if rotation is None:
        rotation = np.eye(4)
    else:
        rotation = np.asanyarray(rotation, dtype=np.float64)
    points = np.asanyarray(points, dtype=np.float64)

    # Transform points to camera frame (just use the rotation part)
    rinv = rotation[:3, :3].T
    points_c = rinv.dot(points.T).T

    if center is None:
        # Find the center of the points' AABB in camera frame
        center_c = points_c.min(axis=0) + 0.5 * points_c.ptp(axis=0)
    else:
        # Transform center to camera frame
        center_c = rinv.dot(center)

    # Re-center the points around the camera-frame origin
    points_c -= center_c

    # Find the minimum distance for the camera from the origin
    # so that all points fit in the view frustrum
    tfov = np.tan(np.radians(fov) / 2.0)

    if distance is None:
        distance = np.max(np.abs(points_c[:, :2]) /
                          tfov + points_c[:, 2][:, np.newaxis])

    # set the pose translation
    center_w = rotation[:3, :3].dot(center_c)
    cam_pose = rotation.copy()
    cam_pose[:3, 3] = center_w + distance * cam_pose[:3, 2]

    return cam_pose


def ray_pixel_coords(camera):
    """
    Get the x-y coordinates of rays in camera coordinates at
    z == -1.

    One coordinate pair will be given for each pixel as defined in
    camera.resolution. If reshaped, the returned array corresponds
    to pixels of the rendered image.

    Examples
    ------------
    ```python
    xy = ray_pixel_coords(camera).reshape(
      tuple(camera.coordinates) + (2,))
    top_left == xy[0, 0]
    bottom_right == xy[-1, -1]
    ```

    Parameters
    --------------
    camera : trimesh.scene.Camera
      Camera object to generate rays from

    Returns
    --------------
    xy : (n, 2) float
      x-y coordinates of intersection of each camera ray
      with the z == -1 frame
    """
    # shorthand
    res = camera.resolution
    half_fov = np.radians(camera.fov) / 2.0

    right_top = np.tan(half_fov)
    # move half a pixel width in
    right_top *= 1 - (1.0 / res)
    left_bottom = -right_top
    # we are looking down the negative z axis, so
    # right_top corresponds to maximum x/y values
    # bottom_left corresponds to minimum x/y values
    right, top = right_top
    left, bottom = left_bottom

    # create a grid of vectors
    xy = util.grid_linspace(
        bounds=[[left, top], [right, bottom]],
        count=camera.resolution)

    # create a matching array of pixel indexes for the rays
    pixels = util.grid_linspace(
        bounds=[[0, res[1] - 1], [res[0] - 1, 0]],
        count=res).astype(np.int64)
    assert xy.shape == pixels.shape

    return xy, pixels


def camera_to_rays(camera):
    """
    Calculate the trimesh.scene.Camera object to direction vectors.

    Will return one ray per pixel, as set in camera.resolution.

    Parameters
    --------------
    camera : trimesh.scene.Camera

    Returns
    --------------
    vectors : (n, 3) float
      Ray direction vectors in camera frame with z == -1
    """
    # get the on-plane coordinates
    xy, pixels = ray_pixel_coords(camera)
    # convert vectors to 3D unit vectors
    vectors = util.unitize(
        np.column_stack((xy, -np.ones_like(xy[:, :1]))))
    return vectors, pixels