345 lines
13 KiB
Markdown
345 lines
13 KiB
Markdown
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Embedded JavaScript templates<br/>
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[](https://travis-ci.org/mde/ejs)
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[](https://david-dm.org/mde/ejs?type=dev)
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[](https://snyk.io/test/npm/ejs)
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=============================
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## Installation
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```bash
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$ npm install ejs
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```
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## Features
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* Control flow with `<% %>`
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* Escaped output with `<%= %>` (escape function configurable)
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* Unescaped raw output with `<%- %>`
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* Newline-trim mode ('newline slurping') with `-%>` ending tag
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* Whitespace-trim mode (slurp all whitespace) for control flow with `<%_ _%>`
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* Custom delimiters (e.g. `[? ?]` instead of `<% %>`)
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* Includes
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* Client-side support
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* Static caching of intermediate JavaScript
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* Static caching of templates
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* Complies with the [Express](http://expressjs.com) view system
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## Example
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```ejs
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<% if (user) { %>
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<h2><%= user.name %></h2>
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<% } %>
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```
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Try EJS online at: https://ionicabizau.github.io/ejs-playground/.
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## Basic usage
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```javascript
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let template = ejs.compile(str, options);
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template(data);
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// => Rendered HTML string
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ejs.render(str, data, options);
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// => Rendered HTML string
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ejs.renderFile(filename, data, options, function(err, str){
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// str => Rendered HTML string
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});
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```
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It is also possible to use `ejs.render(dataAndOptions);` where you pass
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everything in a single object. In that case, you'll end up with local variables
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for all the passed options. However, be aware that your code could break if we
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add an option with the same name as one of your data object's properties.
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Therefore, we do not recommend using this shortcut.
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### Important
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You should never give end-users unfettered access to the EJS render method, If you do so you are using EJS in an inherently un-secure way.
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### Options
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- `cache` Compiled functions are cached, requires `filename`
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- `filename` The name of the file being rendered. Not required if you
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are using `renderFile()`. Used by `cache` to key caches, and for includes.
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- `root` Set template root(s) for includes with an absolute path (e.g, /file.ejs).
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Can be array to try to resolve include from multiple directories.
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- `views` An array of paths to use when resolving includes with relative paths.
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- `context` Function execution context
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- `compileDebug` When `false` no debug instrumentation is compiled
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- `client` When `true`, compiles a function that can be rendered
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in the browser without needing to load the EJS Runtime
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([ejs.min.js](https://github.com/mde/ejs/releases/latest)).
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- `delimiter` Character to use for inner delimiter, by default '%'
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- `openDelimiter` Character to use for opening delimiter, by default '<'
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- `closeDelimiter` Character to use for closing delimiter, by default '>'
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- `debug` Outputs generated function body
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- `strict` When set to `true`, generated function is in strict mode
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- `_with` Whether or not to use `with() {}` constructs. If `false`
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then the locals will be stored in the `locals` object. Set to `false` in strict mode.
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- `destructuredLocals` An array of local variables that are always destructured from
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the locals object, available even in strict mode.
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- `localsName` Name to use for the object storing local variables when not using
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`with` Defaults to `locals`
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- `rmWhitespace` Remove all safe-to-remove whitespace, including leading
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and trailing whitespace. It also enables a safer version of `-%>` line
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slurping for all scriptlet tags (it does not strip new lines of tags in
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the middle of a line).
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- `escape` The escaping function used with `<%=` construct. It is
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used in rendering and is `.toString()`ed in the generation of client functions.
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(By default escapes XML).
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- `outputFunctionName` Set to a string (e.g., 'echo' or 'print') for a function to print
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output inside scriptlet tags.
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- `async` When `true`, EJS will use an async function for rendering. (Depends
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on async/await support in the JS runtime.
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- `includer` Custom function to handle EJS includes, receives `(originalPath, parsedPath)`
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parameters, where `originalPath` is the path in include as-is and `parsedPath` is the
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previously resolved path. Should return an object `{ filename, template }`,
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you may return only one of the properties, where `filename` is the final parsed path and `template`
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is the included content.
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This project uses [JSDoc](http://usejsdoc.org/). For the full public API
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documentation, clone the repository and run `jake doc`. This will run JSDoc
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with the proper options and output the documentation to `out/`. If you want
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the both the public & private API docs, run `jake devdoc` instead.
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### Tags
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- `<%` 'Scriptlet' tag, for control-flow, no output
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- `<%_` 'Whitespace Slurping' Scriptlet tag, strips all whitespace before it
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- `<%=` Outputs the value into the template (escaped)
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- `<%-` Outputs the unescaped value into the template
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- `<%#` Comment tag, no execution, no output
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- `<%%` Outputs a literal '<%'
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- `%%>` Outputs a literal '%>'
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- `%>` Plain ending tag
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- `-%>` Trim-mode ('newline slurp') tag, trims following newline
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- `_%>` 'Whitespace Slurping' ending tag, removes all whitespace after it
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For the full syntax documentation, please see [docs/syntax.md](https://github.com/mde/ejs/blob/master/docs/syntax.md).
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### Includes
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Includes either have to be an absolute path, or, if not, are assumed as
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relative to the template with the `include` call. For example if you are
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including `./views/user/show.ejs` from `./views/users.ejs` you would
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use `<%- include('user/show') %>`.
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You must specify the `filename` option for the template with the `include`
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call unless you are using `renderFile()`.
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You'll likely want to use the raw output tag (`<%-`) with your include to avoid
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double-escaping the HTML output.
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```ejs
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<ul>
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<% users.forEach(function(user){ %>
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<%- include('user/show', {user: user}) %>
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<% }); %>
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</ul>
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```
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Includes are inserted at runtime, so you can use variables for the path in the
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`include` call (for example `<%- include(somePath) %>`). Variables in your
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top-level data object are available to all your includes, but local variables
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need to be passed down.
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NOTE: Include preprocessor directives (`<% include user/show %>`) are
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not supported in v3.0+.
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## Custom delimiters
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Custom delimiters can be applied on a per-template basis, or globally:
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```javascript
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let ejs = require('ejs'),
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users = ['geddy', 'neil', 'alex'];
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// Just one template
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ejs.render('<p>[?= users.join(" | "); ?]</p>', {users: users}, {delimiter: '?', openDelimiter: '[', closeDelimiter: ']'});
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// => '<p>geddy | neil | alex</p>'
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// Or globally
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ejs.delimiter = '?';
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ejs.openDelimiter = '[';
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ejs.closeDelimiter = ']';
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ejs.render('<p>[?= users.join(" | "); ?]</p>', {users: users});
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// => '<p>geddy | neil | alex</p>'
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```
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### Caching
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EJS ships with a basic in-process cache for caching the intermediate JavaScript
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functions used to render templates. It's easy to plug in LRU caching using
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Node's `lru-cache` library:
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```javascript
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let ejs = require('ejs'),
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LRU = require('lru-cache');
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ejs.cache = LRU(100); // LRU cache with 100-item limit
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```
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If you want to clear the EJS cache, call `ejs.clearCache`. If you're using the
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LRU cache and need a different limit, simple reset `ejs.cache` to a new instance
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of the LRU.
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### Custom file loader
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The default file loader is `fs.readFileSync`, if you want to customize it, you can set ejs.fileLoader.
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```javascript
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let ejs = require('ejs');
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let myFileLoad = function (filePath) {
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return 'myFileLoad: ' + fs.readFileSync(filePath);
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};
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ejs.fileLoader = myFileLoad;
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```
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With this feature, you can preprocess the template before reading it.
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### Layouts
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EJS does not specifically support blocks, but layouts can be implemented by
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including headers and footers, like so:
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```ejs
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<%- include('header') -%>
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<h1>
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Title
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</h1>
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<p>
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My page
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</p>
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<%- include('footer') -%>
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```
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## Client-side support
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Go to the [Latest Release](https://github.com/mde/ejs/releases/latest), download
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`./ejs.js` or `./ejs.min.js`. Alternately, you can compile it yourself by cloning
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the repository and running `jake build` (or `$(npm bin)/jake build` if jake is
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not installed globally).
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Include one of these files on your page, and `ejs` should be available globally.
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### Example
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```html
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<div id="output"></div>
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<script src="ejs.min.js"></script>
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<script>
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let people = ['geddy', 'neil', 'alex'],
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html = ejs.render('<%= people.join(", "); %>', {people: people});
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// With jQuery:
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$('#output').html(html);
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// Vanilla JS:
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document.getElementById('output').innerHTML = html;
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</script>
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```
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### Caveats
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Most of EJS will work as expected; however, there are a few things to note:
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1. Obviously, since you do not have access to the filesystem, `ejs.renderFile()` won't work.
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2. For the same reason, `include`s do not work unless you use an `include callback`. Here is an example:
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```javascript
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let str = "Hello <%= include('file', {person: 'John'}); %>",
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fn = ejs.compile(str, {client: true});
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fn(data, null, function(path, d){ // include callback
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// path -> 'file'
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// d -> {person: 'John'}
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// Put your code here
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// Return the contents of file as a string
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}); // returns rendered string
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```
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See the [examples folder](https://github.com/mde/ejs/tree/master/examples) for more details.
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## CLI
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EJS ships with a full-featured CLI. Options are similar to those used in JavaScript code:
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- `-o / --output-file FILE` Write the rendered output to FILE rather than stdout.
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- `-f / --data-file FILE` Must be JSON-formatted. Use parsed input from FILE as data for rendering.
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- `-i / --data-input STRING` Must be JSON-formatted and URI-encoded. Use parsed input from STRING as data for rendering.
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- `-m / --delimiter CHARACTER` Use CHARACTER with angle brackets for open/close (defaults to %).
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- `-p / --open-delimiter CHARACTER` Use CHARACTER instead of left angle bracket to open.
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- `-c / --close-delimiter CHARACTER` Use CHARACTER instead of right angle bracket to close.
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- `-s / --strict` When set to `true`, generated function is in strict mode
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- `-n / --no-with` Use 'locals' object for vars rather than using `with` (implies --strict).
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- `-l / --locals-name` Name to use for the object storing local variables when not using `with`.
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- `-w / --rm-whitespace` Remove all safe-to-remove whitespace, including leading and trailing whitespace.
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- `-d / --debug` Outputs generated function body
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- `-h / --help` Display this help message.
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- `-V/v / --version` Display the EJS version.
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Here are some examples of usage:
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```shell
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$ ejs -p [ -c ] ./template_file.ejs -o ./output.html
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$ ejs ./test/fixtures/user.ejs name=Lerxst
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$ ejs -n -l _ ./some_template.ejs -f ./data_file.json
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```
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### Data input
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There is a variety of ways to pass the CLI data for rendering.
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Stdin:
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```shell
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$ ./test/fixtures/user_data.json | ejs ./test/fixtures/user.ejs
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$ ejs ./test/fixtures/user.ejs < test/fixtures/user_data.json
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```
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A data file:
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```shell
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$ ejs ./test/fixtures/user.ejs -f ./user_data.json
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```
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A command-line option (must be URI-encoded):
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```shell
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./bin/cli.js -i %7B%22name%22%3A%20%22foo%22%7D ./test/fixtures/user.ejs
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```
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Or, passing values directly at the end of the invocation:
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```shell
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./bin/cli.js -m $ ./test/fixtures/user.ejs name=foo
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```
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### Output
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The CLI by default send output to stdout, but you can use the `-o` or `--output-file`
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flag to specify a target file to send the output to.
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## IDE Integration with Syntax Highlighting
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VSCode:Javascript EJS by *DigitalBrainstem*
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## Related projects
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There are a number of implementations of EJS:
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* TJ's implementation, the v1 of this library: https://github.com/tj/ejs
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* EJS Embedded JavaScript Framework on Google Code: https://code.google.com/p/embeddedjavascript/
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* Sam Stephenson's Ruby implementation: https://rubygems.org/gems/ejs
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* Erubis, an ERB implementation which also runs JavaScript: http://www.kuwata-lab.com/erubis/users-guide.04.html#lang-javascript
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* DigitalBrainstem EJS Language support: https://github.com/Digitalbrainstem/ejs-grammar
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## License
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Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0
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(<http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0>)
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- - -
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EJS Embedded JavaScript templates copyright 2112
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mde@fleegix.org.
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