forked from s_ranjbar/city_retrofit
completed NRCAN usage catalog importer and NRCAN usage importer
started NRCAN construction catalog importer and NRCAN construction importer but not working!
This commit is contained in:
parent
4080b0ad8f
commit
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59
catalog_factories/construction/construction_helper.py
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59
catalog_factories/construction/construction_helper.py
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@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
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from helpers import constants as cte
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class ConstructionHelper:
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"""
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Construction helper class
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"""
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nrel_to_function = {
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'residential': cte.RESIDENTIAL,
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'midrise apartment': cte.MID_RISE_APARTMENT,
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'high-rise apartment': cte.HIGH_RISE_APARTMENT,
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'small office': cte.SMALL_OFFICE,
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'medium office': cte.MEDIUM_OFFICE,
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'large office': cte.LARGE_OFFICE,
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'primary school': cte.PRIMARY_SCHOOL,
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'secondary school': cte.SECONDARY_SCHOOL,
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'stand-alone retail': cte.STAND_ALONE_RETAIL,
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'hospital': cte.HOSPITAL,
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'outpatient healthcare': cte.OUT_PATIENT_HEALTH_CARE,
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'strip mall': cte.STRIP_MALL,
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'supermarket': cte.SUPERMARKET,
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'warehouse': cte.WAREHOUSE,
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'quick service restaurant': cte.QUICK_SERVICE_RESTAURANT,
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'full service restaurant': cte.FULL_SERVICE_RESTAURANT,
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'small hotel': cte.SMALL_HOTEL,
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'large hotel': cte.LARGE_HOTEL,
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'industry': cte.INDUSTRY
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}
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nrcan_to_function = {
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'residential': cte.RESIDENTIAL,
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}
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reference_standard_to_construction_period = {
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'non_standard_dompark': '1900 - 2004',
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'ASHRAE 90.1_2004': '2004 - 2009',
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'ASHRAE 189.1_2009': '2009 - PRESENT'
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}
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nrel_surfaces_types_to_hub_types = {
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'exterior wall': cte.WALL,
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'interior wall': cte.INTERIOR_WALL,
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'ground wall': cte.GROUND_WALL,
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'exterior slab': cte.GROUND,
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'attic floor': cte.ATTIC_FLOOR,
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'interior slab': cte.INTERIOR_SLAB,
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'roof': cte.ROOF
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}
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nrcan_surfaces_types_to_hub_types = {
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'Wall_Outdoors': cte.WALL,
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'RoofCeiling_Outdoors': cte.ROOF,
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'Floor_Outdoors': cte.ATTIC_FLOOR,
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'Window_Outdoors': cte.WINDOW,
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'Skylight_Outdoors': cte.SKYLIGHT,
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'Door_Outdoors': cte.DOOR,
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'Wall_Ground': cte.GROUND_WALL,
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'RoofCeiling_Ground': cte.GROUND_WALL,
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'Floor_Ground': cte.GROUND
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}
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@ -1,43 +0,0 @@
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from helpers import constants as cte
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nrel_to_function = {
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'residential': cte.RESIDENTIAL,
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'midrise apartment': cte.MID_RISE_APARTMENT,
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'high-rise apartment': cte.HIGH_RISE_APARTMENT,
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'small office': cte.SMALL_OFFICE,
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'medium office': cte.MEDIUM_OFFICE,
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'large office': cte.LARGE_OFFICE,
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'primary school': cte.PRIMARY_SCHOOL,
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'secondary school': cte.SECONDARY_SCHOOL,
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'stand-alone retail': cte.STAND_ALONE_RETAIL,
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'hospital': cte.HOSPITAL,
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'outpatient healthcare': cte.OUT_PATIENT_HEALTH_CARE,
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'strip mall': cte.STRIP_MALL,
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'supermarket': cte.SUPERMARKET,
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'warehouse': cte.WAREHOUSE,
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'quick service restaurant': cte.QUICK_SERVICE_RESTAURANT,
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'full service restaurant': cte.FULL_SERVICE_RESTAURANT,
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'small hotel': cte.SMALL_HOTEL,
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'large hotel': cte.LARGE_HOTEL,
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'industry': cte.INDUSTRY
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}
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nrcan_to_function = {
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'residential': cte.RESIDENTIAL,
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}
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reference_standard_to_construction_period = {
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'non_standard_dompark': '1900 - 2004',
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'ASHRAE 90.1_2004': '2004 - 2009',
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'ASHRAE 189.1_2009': '2009 - PRESENT'
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}
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nrel_surfaces_types_to_hub_types = {
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'exterior wall': cte.WALL,
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'interior wall': cte.INTERIOR_WALL,
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'ground wall': cte.GROUND_WALL,
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'exterior slab': cte.GROUND,
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'attic floor': cte.ATTIC_FLOOR,
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'interior slab': cte.INTERIOR_SLAB,
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'roof': cte.ROOF
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}
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127
catalog_factories/construction/nrcan_catalog.py
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catalog_factories/construction/nrcan_catalog.py
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"""
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NRCAN construction catalog
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SPDX - License - Identifier: LGPL - 3.0 - or -later
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Copyright © 2022 Concordia CERC group
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Project Coder Pilar Monsalvete Alvarez de Uribarri pilar.monsalvete@concordia.ca
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"""
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import json
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import urllib.request
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import xmltodict
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import string
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import helpers.constants as cte
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from catalog_factories.catalog import Catalog
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from catalog_factories.data_models.usages.content import Content
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from catalog_factories.construction.construction_helper import ConstructionHelper
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from catalog_factories.data_models.construction.construction import Construction
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from catalog_factories.data_models.construction.archetype import Archetype
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class NrcanCatalog(Catalog):
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def __init__(self, path):
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path = str(path / 'nrcan.xml')
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self._content = None
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self._g_value_per_hdd = []
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self._thermal_transmittance_per_hdd_and_surface = {}
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self._window_ratios = {}
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with open(path) as xml:
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self._metadata = xmltodict.parse(xml.read())
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self._base_url_archetypes = self._metadata['nrcan']['@base_url_archetypes']
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self._base_url_construction = self._metadata['nrcan']['@base_url_construction']
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self._load_window_ratios()
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self._load_construction_values()
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self._content = Content(self._load_archetypes())
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def _load_window_ratios(self):
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for standard in self._metadata['nrcan']['standards_per_function']['standard']:
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url = f'{self._base_url_archetypes}{standard["file_location"]}'
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# todo: read from file
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self._window_ratios = {'Mean': 0.2, 'North': 0.2, 'East': 0.2, 'South': 0.2, 'West': 0.2}
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def _load_construction_values(self):
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for standard in self._metadata['nrcan']['standards_per_period']['standard']:
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g_value_url = f'{self._base_url_construction}{standard["g_value_location"]}'
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punc = '()<?:'
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with urllib.request.urlopen(g_value_url) as json_file:
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text = json.load(json_file)['tables']['SHGC']['table'][0]['formula']
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values = ''.join([o for o in list(text) if o not in punc]).split()
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for index in range(int((len(values) - 1)/3)):
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self._g_value_per_hdd.append([values[3*index+1], values[3*index+2]])
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self._g_value_per_hdd.append(['15000', values[len(values)-1]])
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construction_url = f'{self._base_url_construction}{standard["constructions_location"]}'
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print(construction_url)
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with urllib.request.urlopen(construction_url) as json_file:
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cases = json.load(json_file)['tables']['surface_thermal_transmittance']['table']
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# W/m2K
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for case in cases:
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surface = \
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ConstructionHelper().nrcan_surfaces_types_to_hub_types[f"{case['surface']}_{case['boundary_condition']}"]
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thermal_transmittance_per_hdd = []
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text = case['formula']
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values = ''.join([o for o in list(text) if o not in punc]).split()
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for index in range(int((len(values) - 1)/3)):
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thermal_transmittance_per_hdd.append([values[3*index+1], values[3*index+2]])
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thermal_transmittance_per_hdd.append(['15000', values[len(values)-1]])
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self._thermal_transmittance_per_hdd_and_surface[surface] = thermal_transmittance_per_hdd
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def _load_constructions(self, window_ratio_standard, construction_standard):
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constructions = []
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# todo: we need to save the total transmittance somehow, we don't do it yet in our archetypes
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# todo: it has to be selected the specific thermal_transmittance from
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# self._thermal_transmittance_per_hdd_and_surface and window_ratios from self._window_ratios for each standard case
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for i, surface_type in enumerate(self._thermal_transmittance_per_hdd_and_surface):
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constructions.append(Construction(i, surface_type, None, None, self._window_ratios))
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return constructions
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def _load_archetypes(self):
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archetypes = []
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archetype_id = 0
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for window_ratio_standard in self._metadata['nrcan']['standards_per_function']['standard']:
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for construction_standard in self._metadata['nrcan']['standards_per_period']['standard']:
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archetype_id += 1
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function = window_ratio_standard['@function']
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climate_zone = 'Montreal'
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construction_period = construction_standard['@period_of_construction']
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constructions = self._load_constructions(window_ratio_standard, construction_standard)
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archetypes.append(Archetype(archetype_id,
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None,
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function,
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climate_zone,
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construction_period,
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constructions,
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None,
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None,
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None,
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None,
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None,
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None))
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return archetypes
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def names(self, category=None):
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"""
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Get the catalog elements names
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:parm: for usage catalog category filter does nothing as there is only one category (usages)
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"""
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_names = {'usages': []}
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for usage in self._content.usages:
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_names['usages'].append(usage.name)
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return _names
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def entries(self, category=None):
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"""
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Get the catalog elements
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:parm: for usage catalog category filter does nothing as there is only one category (usages)
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"""
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return self._content
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def get_entry(self, name):
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"""
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Get one catalog element by names
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:parm: entry name
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"""
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for usage in self._content.usages:
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if usage.name.lower() == name.lower():
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return usage
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raise IndexError(f"{name} doesn't exists in the catalog")
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@ -14,9 +14,7 @@ from catalog_factories.data_models.construction.layer import Layer
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from catalog_factories.data_models.construction.construction import Construction
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from catalog_factories.data_models.construction.construction import Construction
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from catalog_factories.data_models.construction.content import Content
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from catalog_factories.data_models.construction.content import Content
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from catalog_factories.data_models.construction.archetype import Archetype
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from catalog_factories.data_models.construction.archetype import Archetype
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from catalog_factories.construction.construction_helpers import nrel_to_function
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from catalog_factories.construction.construction_helper import ConstructionHelper
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from catalog_factories.construction.construction_helpers import reference_standard_to_construction_period
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from catalog_factories.construction.construction_helpers import nrel_surfaces_types_to_hub_types
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class NrelCatalog(Catalog):
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class NrelCatalog(Catalog):
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@ -89,7 +87,7 @@ class NrelCatalog(Catalog):
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constructions = self._constructions['library']['constructions']['construction']
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constructions = self._constructions['library']['constructions']['construction']
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for construction in constructions:
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for construction in constructions:
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construction_id = construction['@id']
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construction_id = construction['@id']
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construction_type = nrel_surfaces_types_to_hub_types[construction['@type']]
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construction_type = ConstructionHelper().nrel_surfaces_types_to_hub_types[construction['@type']]
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name = construction['@name']
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name = construction['@name']
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layers = []
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layers = []
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for layer in construction['layers']['layer']:
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for layer in construction['layers']['layer']:
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@ -111,10 +109,11 @@ class NrelCatalog(Catalog):
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archetypes = self._archetypes['archetypes']['archetype']
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archetypes = self._archetypes['archetypes']['archetype']
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for archetype in archetypes:
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for archetype in archetypes:
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archetype_id = archetype['@id']
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archetype_id = archetype['@id']
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function = nrel_to_function[archetype['@building_type']]
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function = ConstructionHelper().nrel_to_function[archetype['@building_type']]
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name = f"{function} {archetype['@climate_zone']} {archetype['@reference_standard']}"
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name = f"{function} {archetype['@climate_zone']} {archetype['@reference_standard']}"
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climate_zone = archetype['@climate_zone']
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climate_zone = archetype['@climate_zone']
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construction_period = reference_standard_to_construction_period[archetype['@reference_standard']]
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construction_period = \
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ConstructionHelper().reference_standard_to_construction_period[archetype['@reference_standard']]
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average_storey_height = archetype['average_storey_height']['#text']
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average_storey_height = archetype['average_storey_height']['#text']
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thermal_capacity = str(float(archetype['thermal_capacity']['#text']) * 1000)
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thermal_capacity = str(float(archetype['thermal_capacity']['#text']) * 1000)
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extra_loses_due_to_thermal_bridges = archetype['extra_loses_due_to_thermal_bridges']['#text']
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extra_loses_due_to_thermal_bridges = archetype['extra_loses_due_to_thermal_bridges']['#text']
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@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ Project Coder Guille Gutierrez guillermo.gutierrezmorote@concordia.ca
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from pathlib import Path
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from pathlib import Path
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from typing import TypeVar
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from typing import TypeVar
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from catalog_factories.construction.nrel_catalog import NrelCatalog
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from catalog_factories.construction.nrel_catalog import NrelCatalog
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from catalog_factories.construction.nrcan_catalog import NrcanCatalog
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Catalog = TypeVar('Catalog')
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Catalog = TypeVar('Catalog')
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@ -25,6 +26,13 @@ class ConstructionCatalogFactory:
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"""
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"""
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return NrelCatalog(self._path)
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return NrelCatalog(self._path)
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@property
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def _nrcan(self):
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"""
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Retrieve NREL catalog
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"""
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return NrcanCatalog(self._path)
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@property
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@property
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def catalog(self) -> Catalog:
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def catalog(self) -> Catalog:
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"""
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"""
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@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ class ComnetCatalog(Catalog):
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self._archetypes = self._read_archetype_file()
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self._archetypes = self._read_archetype_file()
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self._schedules = self._read_schedules_file()
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self._schedules = self._read_schedules_file()
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# todo: comment with @Guille, this hypotheses should go in the import factory?
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sensible_convective = ch().comnet_occupancy_sensible_convective
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sensible_convective = ch().comnet_occupancy_sensible_convective
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sensible_radiative = ch().comnet_occupancy_sensible_radiant
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sensible_radiative = ch().comnet_occupancy_sensible_radiant
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lighting_convective = ch().comnet_lighting_convective
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lighting_convective = ch().comnet_lighting_convective
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@ -41,7 +42,8 @@ class ComnetCatalog(Catalog):
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for schedule_key in self._archetypes['schedules_key']:
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for schedule_key in self._archetypes['schedules_key']:
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comnet_usage = schedule_key
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comnet_usage = schedule_key
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schedule_name = self._archetypes['schedules_key'][schedule_key]
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schedule_name = self._archetypes['schedules_key'][schedule_key]
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hours_day = self._calculate_hours_day(schedule_name)
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hours_day = None
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days_year = None
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occupancy_archetype = self._archetypes['occupancy'][comnet_usage]
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occupancy_archetype = self._archetypes['occupancy'][comnet_usage]
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lighting_archetype = self._archetypes['lighting'][comnet_usage]
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lighting_archetype = self._archetypes['lighting'][comnet_usage]
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appliances_archetype = self._archetypes['plug loads'][comnet_usage]
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appliances_archetype = self._archetypes['plug loads'][comnet_usage]
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||||||
|
@ -86,29 +88,9 @@ class ComnetCatalog(Catalog):
|
||||||
self._schedules[schedule_name]['Receptacle'])
|
self._schedules[schedule_name]['Receptacle'])
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
# get thermal control
|
# get thermal control
|
||||||
max_heating_setpoint = cte.MIN_FLOAT
|
thermal_control = ThermalControl(None,
|
||||||
min_heating_setpoint = cte.MAX_FLOAT
|
None,
|
||||||
|
None,
|
||||||
for schedule in self._schedules[schedule_name]['HtgSetPt']:
|
|
||||||
if schedule.values is None:
|
|
||||||
max_heating_setpoint = None
|
|
||||||
min_heating_setpoint = None
|
|
||||||
break
|
|
||||||
if max(schedule.values) > max_heating_setpoint:
|
|
||||||
max_heating_setpoint = max(schedule.values)
|
|
||||||
if min(schedule.values) < min_heating_setpoint:
|
|
||||||
min_heating_setpoint = min(schedule.values)
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
min_cooling_setpoint = cte.MAX_FLOAT
|
|
||||||
for schedule in self._schedules[schedule_name]['ClgSetPt']:
|
|
||||||
if schedule.values is None:
|
|
||||||
min_cooling_setpoint = None
|
|
||||||
break
|
|
||||||
if min(schedule.values) < min_cooling_setpoint:
|
|
||||||
min_cooling_setpoint = min(schedule.values)
|
|
||||||
thermal_control = ThermalControl(max_heating_setpoint,
|
|
||||||
min_heating_setpoint,
|
|
||||||
min_cooling_setpoint,
|
|
||||||
self._schedules[schedule_name]['HVAC Avail'],
|
self._schedules[schedule_name]['HVAC Avail'],
|
||||||
self._schedules[schedule_name]['HtgSetPt'],
|
self._schedules[schedule_name]['HtgSetPt'],
|
||||||
self._schedules[schedule_name]['ClgSetPt']
|
self._schedules[schedule_name]['ClgSetPt']
|
||||||
|
@ -116,7 +98,7 @@ class ComnetCatalog(Catalog):
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
usages.append(Usage(comnet_usage,
|
usages.append(Usage(comnet_usage,
|
||||||
hours_day,
|
hours_day,
|
||||||
365,
|
days_year,
|
||||||
mechanical_air_change,
|
mechanical_air_change,
|
||||||
ventilation_rate,
|
ventilation_rate,
|
||||||
occupancy,
|
occupancy,
|
||||||
|
@ -202,16 +184,6 @@ class ComnetCatalog(Catalog):
|
||||||
'schedules_key': schedules_key
|
'schedules_key': schedules_key
|
||||||
}
|
}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
def _calculate_hours_day(self, function):
|
|
||||||
days = [cte.MONDAY, cte.TUESDAY, cte.WEDNESDAY, cte.THURSDAY, cte.FRIDAY, cte.SATURDAY, cte.SUNDAY, cte.HOLIDAY]
|
|
||||||
number_of_days_per_type = [51, 50, 50, 50, 50, 52, 52, 10]
|
|
||||||
total = 0
|
|
||||||
for schedule in self._schedules[function]['HVAC Avail']:
|
|
||||||
yearly_days = number_of_days_per_type[days.index(schedule.day_types[0])]
|
|
||||||
for value in schedule.values:
|
|
||||||
total += value * yearly_days
|
|
||||||
return total / 365
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
def names(self, category=None):
|
def names(self, category=None):
|
||||||
"""
|
"""
|
||||||
Get the catalog elements names
|
Get the catalog elements names
|
||||||
|
|
|
@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ NRCAN usage catalog
|
||||||
SPDX - License - Identifier: LGPL - 3.0 - or -later
|
SPDX - License - Identifier: LGPL - 3.0 - or -later
|
||||||
Copyright © 2022 Concordia CERC group
|
Copyright © 2022 Concordia CERC group
|
||||||
Project Coder Guille Gutierrez guillermo.gutierrezmorote@concordia.ca
|
Project Coder Guille Gutierrez guillermo.gutierrezmorote@concordia.ca
|
||||||
|
Code contributors: Pilar Monsalvete Alvarez de Uribarri pilar.monsalvete@concordia.ca
|
||||||
"""
|
"""
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
import json
|
import json
|
||||||
|
@ -50,59 +51,84 @@ class NrcanCatalog(Catalog):
|
||||||
return Schedule(hub_type, raw['values'], data_type, time_step, time_range, day_types)
|
return Schedule(hub_type, raw['values'], data_type, time_step, time_range, day_types)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
def _load_schedules(self):
|
def _load_schedules(self):
|
||||||
usage = self._metadata['nrcan']['standards']['usage']
|
usage = self._metadata['nrcan']
|
||||||
url = f'{self._base_url}{usage["schedules_location"]}'
|
url = f'{self._base_url}{usage["schedules_location"]}'
|
||||||
|
_schedule_types = []
|
||||||
with urllib.request.urlopen(url) as json_file:
|
with urllib.request.urlopen(url) as json_file:
|
||||||
schedules_type = json.load(json_file)
|
schedules_type = json.load(json_file)
|
||||||
for schedule_type in schedules_type['tables']['schedules']['table']:
|
for schedule_type in schedules_type['tables']['schedules']['table']:
|
||||||
schedule = NrcanCatalog._extract_schedule(schedule_type)
|
schedule = NrcanCatalog._extract_schedule(schedule_type)
|
||||||
if schedule is not None:
|
if schedule_type['name'] not in _schedule_types:
|
||||||
self._schedules[schedule_type['name']] = schedule
|
_schedule_types.append(schedule_type['name'])
|
||||||
|
if schedule is not None:
|
||||||
|
self._schedules[schedule_type['name']] = [schedule]
|
||||||
|
else:
|
||||||
|
if schedule is not None:
|
||||||
|
_schedules = self._schedules[schedule_type['name']]
|
||||||
|
_schedules.append(schedule)
|
||||||
|
self._schedules[schedule_type['name']] = _schedules
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
def _get_schedule(self, name):
|
def _get_schedules(self, name):
|
||||||
if name in self._schedules:
|
if name in self._schedules:
|
||||||
return self._schedules[name]
|
return self._schedules[name]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
def _load_archetypes(self):
|
def _load_archetypes(self):
|
||||||
usages = []
|
usages = []
|
||||||
name = self._metadata['nrcan']['standards']['usage']
|
name = self._metadata['nrcan']
|
||||||
url = f'{self._base_url}{name["space_types_location"]}'
|
url = f'{self._base_url}{name["space_types_location"]}'
|
||||||
with urllib.request.urlopen(url) as json_file:
|
with urllib.request.urlopen(url) as json_file:
|
||||||
space_types = json.load(json_file)['tables']['space_types']['table']
|
space_types = json.load(json_file)['tables']['space_types']['table']
|
||||||
space_types = [st for st in space_types if st['building_type'] == 'Space Function']
|
# space_types = [st for st in space_types if st['building_type'] == 'Space Function']
|
||||||
|
space_types = [st for st in space_types if st['space_type'] == 'WholeBuilding']
|
||||||
for space_type in space_types:
|
for space_type in space_types:
|
||||||
usage_type = space_type['space_type']
|
# usage_type = space_type['space_type']
|
||||||
mechanical_air_change = space_type['ventilation_air_changes']
|
usage_type = space_type['building_type']
|
||||||
ventilation_rate = space_type['ventilation_per_area']
|
|
||||||
if ventilation_rate == 0:
|
|
||||||
ventilation_rate = space_type['ventilation_per_person']
|
|
||||||
occupancy_schedule_name = space_type['occupancy_schedule']
|
occupancy_schedule_name = space_type['occupancy_schedule']
|
||||||
lighting_schedule_name = space_type['lighting_schedule']
|
lighting_schedule_name = space_type['lighting_schedule']
|
||||||
appliance_schedule_name = space_type['electric_equipment_schedule']
|
appliance_schedule_name = space_type['electric_equipment_schedule']
|
||||||
# thermal control
|
hvac_schedule_name = space_type['exhaust_schedule']
|
||||||
|
if 'FAN' in hvac_schedule_name:
|
||||||
|
hvac_schedule_name = hvac_schedule_name.replace('FAN', 'Fan')
|
||||||
heating_setpoint_schedule_name = space_type['heating_setpoint_schedule']
|
heating_setpoint_schedule_name = space_type['heating_setpoint_schedule']
|
||||||
cooling_setpoint_schedule_name = space_type['cooling_setpoint_schedule']
|
cooling_setpoint_schedule_name = space_type['cooling_setpoint_schedule']
|
||||||
occupancy_schedule = self._get_schedule(occupancy_schedule_name)
|
occupancy_schedule = self._get_schedules(occupancy_schedule_name)
|
||||||
lighting_schedule = self._get_schedule(lighting_schedule_name)
|
lighting_schedule = self._get_schedules(lighting_schedule_name)
|
||||||
appliance_schedule = self._get_schedule(appliance_schedule_name)
|
appliance_schedule = self._get_schedules(appliance_schedule_name)
|
||||||
heating_schedule = self._get_schedule(heating_setpoint_schedule_name)
|
heating_schedule = self._get_schedules(heating_setpoint_schedule_name)
|
||||||
cooling_schedule = self._get_schedule(cooling_setpoint_schedule_name)
|
cooling_schedule = self._get_schedules(cooling_setpoint_schedule_name)
|
||||||
|
hvac_availability = self._get_schedules(hvac_schedule_name)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
occupancy_density = space_type['occupancy_per_area']
|
occupancy_density = space_type['occupancy_per_area']
|
||||||
lighting_density = space_type['lighting_per_area']
|
|
||||||
|
# ACH
|
||||||
|
mechanical_air_change = space_type['ventilation_air_changes']
|
||||||
|
# cfm/ft2 to m3/m2.s
|
||||||
|
ventilation_rate = space_type['ventilation_per_area'] / (cte.METERS_TO_FEET * cte.MINUTES_TO_SECONDS)
|
||||||
|
if ventilation_rate == 0:
|
||||||
|
# cfm/person to m3/m2.s
|
||||||
|
ventilation_rate = space_type['ventilation_per_person'] / occupancy_density\
|
||||||
|
/ (cte.METERS_TO_FEET * cte.MINUTES_TO_SECONDS)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# W/sqft to W/m2
|
||||||
|
lighting_density = space_type['lighting_per_area'] * cte.METERS_TO_FEET * cte.METERS_TO_FEET
|
||||||
lighting_radiative_fraction = space_type['lighting_fraction_radiant']
|
lighting_radiative_fraction = space_type['lighting_fraction_radiant']
|
||||||
lighting_convective_fraction = 0
|
lighting_convective_fraction = 0
|
||||||
if lighting_radiative_fraction is not None:
|
if lighting_radiative_fraction is not None:
|
||||||
lighting_convective_fraction = 1 - lighting_radiative_fraction
|
lighting_convective_fraction = 1 - lighting_radiative_fraction
|
||||||
lighting_latent_fraction = 0
|
lighting_latent_fraction = 0
|
||||||
appliances_density = space_type['electric_equipment_per_area']
|
# W/sqft to W/m2
|
||||||
|
appliances_density = space_type['electric_equipment_per_area'] * cte.METERS_TO_FEET * cte.METERS_TO_FEET
|
||||||
appliances_radiative_fraction = space_type['electric_equipment_fraction_radiant']
|
appliances_radiative_fraction = space_type['electric_equipment_fraction_radiant']
|
||||||
appliances_convective_fraction = 0
|
|
||||||
if appliances_radiative_fraction is not None:
|
|
||||||
appliances_convective_fraction = 1 - appliances_radiative_fraction
|
|
||||||
appliances_latent_fraction = space_type['electric_equipment_fraction_latent']
|
appliances_latent_fraction = space_type['electric_equipment_fraction_latent']
|
||||||
|
appliances_convective_fraction = 0
|
||||||
|
if appliances_radiative_fraction is not None and appliances_latent_fraction is not None:
|
||||||
|
appliances_convective_fraction = 1 - appliances_radiative_fraction - appliances_latent_fraction
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
occupancy = Occupancy(occupancy_density, 0, 0, 0, occupancy_schedule)
|
occupancy = Occupancy(occupancy_density,
|
||||||
|
None,
|
||||||
|
None,
|
||||||
|
None,
|
||||||
|
occupancy_schedule)
|
||||||
lighting = Lighting(lighting_density,
|
lighting = Lighting(lighting_density,
|
||||||
lighting_convective_fraction,
|
lighting_convective_fraction,
|
||||||
lighting_radiative_fraction,
|
lighting_radiative_fraction,
|
||||||
|
@ -113,20 +139,12 @@ class NrcanCatalog(Catalog):
|
||||||
appliances_radiative_fraction,
|
appliances_radiative_fraction,
|
||||||
appliances_latent_fraction,
|
appliances_latent_fraction,
|
||||||
appliance_schedule)
|
appliance_schedule)
|
||||||
if heating_schedule is not None:
|
thermal_control = ThermalControl(None,
|
||||||
thermal_control = ThermalControl(max(heating_schedule.values),
|
None,
|
||||||
min(heating_schedule.values),
|
None,
|
||||||
min(cooling_schedule.values),
|
hvac_availability,
|
||||||
None,
|
heating_schedule,
|
||||||
heating_schedule,
|
cooling_schedule)
|
||||||
cooling_schedule)
|
|
||||||
else:
|
|
||||||
thermal_control = ThermalControl(None,
|
|
||||||
None,
|
|
||||||
None,
|
|
||||||
None,
|
|
||||||
None,
|
|
||||||
None)
|
|
||||||
hours_day = None
|
hours_day = None
|
||||||
days_year = None
|
days_year = None
|
||||||
usages.append(Usage(usage_type,
|
usages.append(Usage(usage_type,
|
||||||
|
|
|
@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ class UsageHelper:
|
||||||
'Equipment': cte.APPLIANCES,
|
'Equipment': cte.APPLIANCES,
|
||||||
'Thermostat Setpoint Cooling': cte.COOLING_SET_POINT, # Compose 'Thermostat Setpoint' + 'Cooling'
|
'Thermostat Setpoint Cooling': cte.COOLING_SET_POINT, # Compose 'Thermostat Setpoint' + 'Cooling'
|
||||||
'Thermostat Setpoint Heating': cte.HEATING_SET_POINT, # Compose 'Thermostat Setpoint' + 'Heating'
|
'Thermostat Setpoint Heating': cte.HEATING_SET_POINT, # Compose 'Thermostat Setpoint' + 'Heating'
|
||||||
|
'Fan': cte.HVAC_AVAILABILITY
|
||||||
}
|
}
|
||||||
_nrcan_data_type_to_hub_data_type = {
|
_nrcan_data_type_to_hub_data_type = {
|
||||||
'FRACTION': cte.FRACTION,
|
'FRACTION': cte.FRACTION,
|
||||||
|
|
|
@ -26,7 +26,6 @@ class Usage:
|
||||||
self._internal_gains = None
|
self._internal_gains = None
|
||||||
self._hours_day = None
|
self._hours_day = None
|
||||||
self._days_year = None
|
self._days_year = None
|
||||||
# self._electrical_app_average_consumption_sqm_year = None
|
|
||||||
self._mechanical_air_change = None
|
self._mechanical_air_change = None
|
||||||
self._occupancy = None
|
self._occupancy = None
|
||||||
self._lighting = None
|
self._lighting = None
|
||||||
|
|
76
data/construction/nrcan.xml
Normal file
76
data/construction/nrcan.xml
Normal file
|
@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
|
||||||
|
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
|
||||||
|
<nrcan base_url_archetypes="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/canmet-energy/necb-2011-baselines/master/output/"
|
||||||
|
base_url_construction="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/NREL/openstudio-standards/master/lib/openstudio-standards/standards/necb/">
|
||||||
|
<standards_per_period>
|
||||||
|
<standard period_of_construction="1000_1979">
|
||||||
|
<constructions_location>BTAPPRE1980/data/surface_thermal_transmittance.json</constructions_location>
|
||||||
|
<g_value_location>BTAPPRE1980/data/window_characteristics.json</g_value_location>
|
||||||
|
</standard>
|
||||||
|
<standard period_of_construction="1980_2010">
|
||||||
|
<constructions_location>BTAP1980TO2010/data/surface_thermal_transmittance.json</constructions_location>
|
||||||
|
<g_value_location>BTAP1980TO2010/data/window_characteristics.json</g_value_location>
|
||||||
|
</standard>
|
||||||
|
<standard period_of_construction="2011_2016">
|
||||||
|
<constructions_location>NECB2011/data/surface_thermal_transmittance.json</constructions_location>
|
||||||
|
<g_value_location>BTAP1980TO2010/data/window_characteristics.json</g_value_location>
|
||||||
|
</standard>
|
||||||
|
<standard period_of_construction="2017_2019">
|
||||||
|
<constructions_location>NECB2017/data/surface_thermal_transmittance.json</constructions_location>
|
||||||
|
<g_value_location>BTAP1980TO2010/data/window_characteristics.json</g_value_location>
|
||||||
|
</standard>
|
||||||
|
<standard period_of_construction="2020_3000">
|
||||||
|
<constructions_location>NECB2020/data/surface_thermal_transmittance.json</constructions_location>
|
||||||
|
<g_value_location>BTAP1980TO2010/data/window_characteristics.json</g_value_location>
|
||||||
|
</standard>
|
||||||
|
</standards_per_period>
|
||||||
|
<standards_per_function>
|
||||||
|
<standard function="FullServiceRestaurant">
|
||||||
|
<file_location>FullServiceRestaurant/CAN_PQ_Montreal.Intl.AP.716270_CWEC/os_report/8414706d-3ba9-4d70-ad3c-4db62d865e1b-os-report.html</file_location>
|
||||||
|
</standard>
|
||||||
|
<standard function="HighriseApartment">
|
||||||
|
<file_location>HighriseApartment/CAN_PQ_Montreal.Intl.AP.716270_CWEC/os_report/83ab3764-046e-48a8-85cd-a3c0ac761efa-os-report.html</file_location>
|
||||||
|
</standard>
|
||||||
|
<standard function="Hospital">
|
||||||
|
<file_location>Hospital/CAN_PQ_Montreal.Intl.AP.716270_CWEC/os_report/210dac7e-2d51-40a9-bc78-ad0bc1c57a89-os-report.html</file_location>
|
||||||
|
</standard>
|
||||||
|
<standard function="LargeHotel">
|
||||||
|
<file_location>LargeHotel/CAN_PQ_Montreal.Intl.AP.716270_CWEC/os_report/d0185276-7fe0-4da9-bb5d-8c8a7c13c405-os-report.html</file_location>
|
||||||
|
</standard>
|
||||||
|
<standard function="LargeOffice">
|
||||||
|
<file_location>LargeOffice/CAN_PQ_Montreal.Intl.AP.716270_CWEC/os_report/2da33707-50a7-4554-91ed-c5fdbc1ce3b9-os-report.html</file_location>
|
||||||
|
</standard>
|
||||||
|
<standard function="MediumOffice">
|
||||||
|
<file_location>MediumOffice/CAN_PQ_Montreal.Intl.AP.716270_CWEC/os_report/65d97bf8-8749-410b-b53d-5a9c60e0227c-os-report.html</file_location>
|
||||||
|
</standard>
|
||||||
|
<standard function="MidriseApartment">
|
||||||
|
<file_location>MidriseApartment/CAN_PQ_Montreal.Intl.AP.716270_CWEC/os_report/19518153-9c28-4e40-8bbd-98ef949c1bdb-os-report.html</file_location>
|
||||||
|
</standard>
|
||||||
|
<standard function="Outpatient">
|
||||||
|
<file_location>Outpatient/CAN_PQ_Montreal.Intl.AP.716270_CWEC/os_report/deab93c7-d086-432d-bb90-33c8c4e1fab3-os-report.html</file_location>
|
||||||
|
</standard>
|
||||||
|
<standard function="PrimarySchool">
|
||||||
|
<file_location>PrimarySchool/CAN_PQ_Montreal.Intl.AP.716270_CWEC/os_report/87f45397-5ef4-4df9-be41-d33c4b6d2fb7-os-report.html</file_location>
|
||||||
|
</standard>
|
||||||
|
<standard function="QuickServiceRestaurant">
|
||||||
|
<file_location>QuickServiceRestaurant/CAN_PQ_Montreal.Intl.AP.716270_CWEC/ 0bc55858-a81b-4d07-9923-1d84e8a23194-os-report.html</file_location>
|
||||||
|
</standard>
|
||||||
|
<standard function="RetailStandalone">
|
||||||
|
<file_location>RetailStandalone/CAN_PQ_Montreal.Intl.AP.716270_CWEC/os_report/a3643bcb-0eea-47d4-b6b9-253ed188ec0c-os-report.html</file_location>
|
||||||
|
</standard>
|
||||||
|
<standard function="RetailStripmall">
|
||||||
|
<file_location>RetailStripmall/CAN_PQ_Montreal.Intl.AP.716270_CWEC/os_report/ebaf5a16-00af-49de-9672-6b373fc825be-os-report.html</file_location>
|
||||||
|
</standard>
|
||||||
|
<standard function="SecondarySchool">
|
||||||
|
<file_location>SecondarySchool/CAN_PQ_Montreal.Intl.AP.716270_CWEC/os_report/3a4f105f-93ed-4b8b-9eb3-c8ca40c5de6e-os-report.html</file_location>
|
||||||
|
</standard>
|
||||||
|
<standard function="SmallHotel">
|
||||||
|
<file_location>SmallHotel/CAN_PQ_Montreal.Intl.AP.716270_CWEC/os_report/dff0a3fc-d9e5-4866-9e6a-dee9a0da60b2-os-report.html</file_location>
|
||||||
|
</standard>
|
||||||
|
<standard function="SmallOffice">
|
||||||
|
<file_location>SmallOffice/CAN_PQ_Montreal.Intl.AP.716270_CWEC/os_report/a9a3669d-beb8-4951-aa11-c27dbc61a344-os-report.html</file_location>
|
||||||
|
</standard>
|
||||||
|
<standard function="Warehouse">
|
||||||
|
<file_location>Warehouse/CAN_PQ_Montreal.Intl.AP.716270_CWEC/os_report/569ec649-8017-4a3c-bd0a-337eba3ec488-os-report.html</file_location>
|
||||||
|
</standard>
|
||||||
|
</standards_per_function>
|
||||||
|
</nrcan>
|
|
@ -1,9 +1,5 @@
|
||||||
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
|
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
|
||||||
<nrcan base_url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/NREL/openstudio-standards/master/lib/openstudio-standards/standards/necb/">
|
<nrcan base_url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/NREL/openstudio-standards/master/lib/openstudio-standards/standards/necb/">
|
||||||
<standards>
|
<space_types_location>NECB2020/data/space_types.json</space_types_location>
|
||||||
<usage>
|
<schedules_location>NECB2015/data/schedules.json</schedules_location>
|
||||||
<space_types_location>NECB2020/data/space_types.json</space_types_location>
|
|
||||||
<schedules_location>NECB2015/data/schedules.json</schedules_location>
|
|
||||||
</usage>
|
|
||||||
</standards>
|
|
||||||
</nrcan>
|
</nrcan>
|
|
@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ class ConstructionHelper:
|
||||||
cte.SMALL_OFFICE: 'small office',
|
cte.SMALL_OFFICE: 'small office',
|
||||||
cte.MEDIUM_OFFICE: 'medium office',
|
cte.MEDIUM_OFFICE: 'medium office',
|
||||||
cte.LARGE_OFFICE: 'large office',
|
cte.LARGE_OFFICE: 'large office',
|
||||||
|
cte.EDUCATION: 'primary school',
|
||||||
cte.PRIMARY_SCHOOL: 'primary school',
|
cte.PRIMARY_SCHOOL: 'primary school',
|
||||||
cte.SECONDARY_SCHOOL: 'secondary school',
|
cte.SECONDARY_SCHOOL: 'secondary school',
|
||||||
cte.STAND_ALONE_RETAIL: 'stand-alone retail',
|
cte.STAND_ALONE_RETAIL: 'stand-alone retail',
|
||||||
|
|
188
imports/construction/nrcan_physics_parameters.py
Normal file
188
imports/construction/nrcan_physics_parameters.py
Normal file
|
@ -0,0 +1,188 @@
|
||||||
|
"""
|
||||||
|
NrcanPhysicsParameters import the construction and material information defined by NRCAN
|
||||||
|
SPDX - License - Identifier: LGPL - 3.0 - or -later
|
||||||
|
Copyright © 2022 Concordia CERC group
|
||||||
|
Project Coder Pilar Monsalvete Alvarez de Uribarri pilar.monsalvete@concordia.ca
|
||||||
|
"""
|
||||||
|
import sys
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
from catalog_factories.construction_catalog_factory import ConstructionCatalogFactory
|
||||||
|
from city_model_structure.building_demand.layer import Layer
|
||||||
|
from city_model_structure.building_demand.material import Material
|
||||||
|
from imports.construction.helpers.construction_helper import ConstructionHelper
|
||||||
|
from imports.construction.helpers.storeys_generation import StoreysGeneration
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
class NrcanPhysicsParameters:
|
||||||
|
"""
|
||||||
|
NrcanPhysicsParameters class
|
||||||
|
"""
|
||||||
|
def __init__(self, city, base_path, divide_in_storeys=False):
|
||||||
|
self._city = city
|
||||||
|
self._path = base_path
|
||||||
|
self._divide_in_storeys = divide_in_storeys
|
||||||
|
self._climate_zone = ConstructionHelper.city_to_nrel_climate_zone(city.name)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
def enrich_buildings(self):
|
||||||
|
"""
|
||||||
|
Returns the city with the construction parameters assigned to the buildings
|
||||||
|
"""
|
||||||
|
city = self._city
|
||||||
|
canel_catalog = ConstructionCatalogFactory('nrcan').catalog
|
||||||
|
for building in city.buildings:
|
||||||
|
try:
|
||||||
|
function = ConstructionHelper().nrel_from_libs_function(building.function)
|
||||||
|
archetype = self._search_archetype(canel_catalog, function, building.year_of_construction,
|
||||||
|
self._climate_zone)
|
||||||
|
except KeyError:
|
||||||
|
sys.stderr.write(f'Building {building.name} has unknown construction archetype for building function: '
|
||||||
|
f'{building.function} and building year of construction: {building.year_of_construction} '
|
||||||
|
f'and climate zone reference norm {self._climate_zone}\n')
|
||||||
|
return
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# if building has no thermal zones defined from geometry, and the building will be divided in storeys,
|
||||||
|
# one thermal zone per storey is assigned
|
||||||
|
if len(building.internal_zones) == 1:
|
||||||
|
if building.internal_zones[0].thermal_zones is None:
|
||||||
|
self._create_storeys(building, archetype, self._divide_in_storeys)
|
||||||
|
if self._divide_in_storeys:
|
||||||
|
for internal_zone in building.internal_zones:
|
||||||
|
for thermal_zone in internal_zone.thermal_zones:
|
||||||
|
thermal_zone.total_floor_area = thermal_zone.footprint_area
|
||||||
|
else:
|
||||||
|
number_of_storeys = int(float(building.eave_height) / float(building.average_storey_height))
|
||||||
|
thermal_zone = building.internal_zones[0].thermal_zones[0]
|
||||||
|
thermal_zone.total_floor_area = thermal_zone.footprint_area * number_of_storeys
|
||||||
|
else:
|
||||||
|
for internal_zone in building.internal_zones:
|
||||||
|
for thermal_zone in internal_zone.thermal_zones:
|
||||||
|
thermal_zone.total_floor_area = thermal_zone.footprint_area
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
for internal_zone in building.internal_zones:
|
||||||
|
self._assign_values(internal_zone.thermal_zones, archetype)
|
||||||
|
for thermal_zone in internal_zone.thermal_zones:
|
||||||
|
self._calculate_view_factors(thermal_zone)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
@staticmethod
|
||||||
|
def _search_archetype(nrel_catalog, function, year_of_construction, climate_zone):
|
||||||
|
nrel_archetypes = nrel_catalog.entries('archetypes')
|
||||||
|
for building_archetype in nrel_archetypes:
|
||||||
|
construction_period_limits = building_archetype.construction_period.split(' - ')
|
||||||
|
if construction_period_limits[1] == 'PRESENT':
|
||||||
|
construction_period_limits[1] = 3000
|
||||||
|
if int(construction_period_limits[0]) <= int(year_of_construction) < int(construction_period_limits[1]):
|
||||||
|
if (str(function) == str(building_archetype.function)) and \
|
||||||
|
(climate_zone == str(building_archetype.climate_zone)):
|
||||||
|
return building_archetype
|
||||||
|
raise KeyError('archetype not found')
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
@staticmethod
|
||||||
|
def _search_construction_in_archetype(archetype, construction_type):
|
||||||
|
construction_archetypes = archetype.constructions
|
||||||
|
for construction_archetype in construction_archetypes:
|
||||||
|
if str(construction_type) == str(construction_archetype.type):
|
||||||
|
return construction_archetype
|
||||||
|
return None
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
def _assign_values(self, thermal_zones, archetype):
|
||||||
|
for thermal_zone in thermal_zones:
|
||||||
|
thermal_zone.additional_thermal_bridge_u_value = archetype.extra_loses_due_to_thermal_bridges
|
||||||
|
thermal_zone.effective_thermal_capacity = archetype.thermal_capacity
|
||||||
|
thermal_zone.indirectly_heated_area_ratio = archetype.indirect_heated_ratio
|
||||||
|
thermal_zone.infiltration_rate_system_on = archetype.infiltration_rate_for_ventilation_system_on
|
||||||
|
thermal_zone.infiltration_rate_system_off = archetype.infiltration_rate_for_ventilation_system_off
|
||||||
|
for thermal_boundary in thermal_zone.thermal_boundaries:
|
||||||
|
construction_archetype = self._search_construction_in_archetype(archetype, thermal_boundary.type)
|
||||||
|
thermal_boundary.construction_name = construction_archetype.name
|
||||||
|
try:
|
||||||
|
thermal_boundary.window_ratio = construction_archetype.window_ratio
|
||||||
|
except ValueError:
|
||||||
|
# This is the normal operation way when the windows are defined in the geometry
|
||||||
|
continue
|
||||||
|
thermal_boundary.layers = []
|
||||||
|
for layer_archetype in construction_archetype.layers:
|
||||||
|
layer = Layer()
|
||||||
|
layer.thickness = layer_archetype.thickness
|
||||||
|
material = Material()
|
||||||
|
archetype_material = layer_archetype.material
|
||||||
|
material.name = archetype_material.name
|
||||||
|
material.id = archetype_material.id
|
||||||
|
material.no_mass = archetype_material.no_mass
|
||||||
|
if archetype_material.no_mass:
|
||||||
|
material.thermal_resistance = archetype_material.thermal_resistance
|
||||||
|
else:
|
||||||
|
material.density = archetype_material.density
|
||||||
|
material.conductivity = archetype_material.conductivity
|
||||||
|
material.specific_heat = archetype_material.specific_heat
|
||||||
|
material.solar_absorptance = archetype_material.solar_absorptance
|
||||||
|
material.thermal_absorptance = archetype_material.thermal_absorptance
|
||||||
|
material.visible_absorptance = archetype_material.visible_absorptance
|
||||||
|
layer.material = material
|
||||||
|
thermal_boundary.layers.append(layer)
|
||||||
|
# The agreement is that the layers are defined from outside to inside
|
||||||
|
external_layer = construction_archetype.layers[0]
|
||||||
|
external_surface = thermal_boundary.parent_surface
|
||||||
|
external_surface.short_wave_reflectance = 1 - float(external_layer.material.solar_absorptance)
|
||||||
|
external_surface.long_wave_emittance = 1 - float(external_layer.material.solar_absorptance)
|
||||||
|
internal_layer = construction_archetype.layers[len(construction_archetype.layers) - 1]
|
||||||
|
internal_surface = thermal_boundary.internal_surface
|
||||||
|
internal_surface.short_wave_reflectance = 1 - float(internal_layer.material.solar_absorptance)
|
||||||
|
internal_surface.long_wave_emittance = 1 - float(internal_layer.material.solar_absorptance)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
for thermal_opening in thermal_boundary.thermal_openings:
|
||||||
|
if construction_archetype.window is not None:
|
||||||
|
window_archetype = construction_archetype.window
|
||||||
|
thermal_opening.construction_name = window_archetype.name
|
||||||
|
thermal_opening.frame_ratio = window_archetype.frame_ratio
|
||||||
|
thermal_opening.g_value = window_archetype.g_value
|
||||||
|
thermal_opening.overall_u_value = window_archetype.overall_u_value
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# todo: verify windows
|
||||||
|
@staticmethod
|
||||||
|
def _calculate_view_factors(thermal_zone):
|
||||||
|
"""
|
||||||
|
Get thermal zone view factors matrix
|
||||||
|
:return: [[float]]
|
||||||
|
"""
|
||||||
|
total_area = 0
|
||||||
|
for thermal_boundary in thermal_zone.thermal_boundaries:
|
||||||
|
total_area += thermal_boundary.opaque_area
|
||||||
|
for thermal_opening in thermal_boundary.thermal_openings:
|
||||||
|
total_area += thermal_opening.area
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
view_factors_matrix = []
|
||||||
|
for thermal_boundary_1 in thermal_zone.thermal_boundaries:
|
||||||
|
values = []
|
||||||
|
for thermal_boundary_2 in thermal_zone.thermal_boundaries:
|
||||||
|
value = 0
|
||||||
|
if thermal_boundary_1.id != thermal_boundary_2.id:
|
||||||
|
value = thermal_boundary_2.opaque_area / (total_area - thermal_boundary_1.opaque_area)
|
||||||
|
values.append(value)
|
||||||
|
for thermal_boundary in thermal_zone.thermal_boundaries:
|
||||||
|
for thermal_opening in thermal_boundary.thermal_openings:
|
||||||
|
value = thermal_opening.area / (total_area - thermal_boundary_1.opaque_area)
|
||||||
|
values.append(value)
|
||||||
|
view_factors_matrix.append(values)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
for thermal_boundary_1 in thermal_zone.thermal_boundaries:
|
||||||
|
values = []
|
||||||
|
for thermal_opening_1 in thermal_boundary_1.thermal_openings:
|
||||||
|
for thermal_boundary_2 in thermal_zone.thermal_boundaries:
|
||||||
|
value = thermal_boundary_2.opaque_area / (total_area - thermal_opening_1.area)
|
||||||
|
values.append(value)
|
||||||
|
for thermal_boundary in thermal_zone.thermal_boundaries:
|
||||||
|
for thermal_opening_2 in thermal_boundary.thermal_openings:
|
||||||
|
value = 0
|
||||||
|
if thermal_opening_1.id != thermal_opening_2.id:
|
||||||
|
value = thermal_opening_2.area / (total_area - thermal_opening_1.area)
|
||||||
|
values.append(value)
|
||||||
|
view_factors_matrix.append(values)
|
||||||
|
thermal_zone.view_factors_matrix = view_factors_matrix
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
@staticmethod
|
||||||
|
def _create_storeys(building, archetype, divide_in_storeys):
|
||||||
|
building.average_storey_height = archetype.average_storey_height
|
||||||
|
building.storeys_above_ground = 1
|
||||||
|
thermal_zones = StoreysGeneration(building, building.internal_zones[0],
|
||||||
|
divide_in_storeys=divide_in_storeys).thermal_zones
|
||||||
|
building.internal_zones[0].thermal_zones = thermal_zones
|
|
@ -32,7 +32,8 @@ class NrelPhysicsParameters:
|
||||||
nrel_catalog = ConstructionCatalogFactory('nrel').catalog
|
nrel_catalog = ConstructionCatalogFactory('nrel').catalog
|
||||||
for building in city.buildings:
|
for building in city.buildings:
|
||||||
try:
|
try:
|
||||||
archetype = self._search_archetype(nrel_catalog, building.function, building.year_of_construction,
|
function = ConstructionHelper().nrel_from_libs_function(building.function)
|
||||||
|
archetype = self._search_archetype(nrel_catalog, function, building.year_of_construction,
|
||||||
self._climate_zone)
|
self._climate_zone)
|
||||||
except KeyError:
|
except KeyError:
|
||||||
sys.stderr.write(f'Building {building.name} has unknown construction archetype for building function: '
|
sys.stderr.write(f'Building {building.name} has unknown construction archetype for building function: '
|
||||||
|
|
|
@ -3,14 +3,17 @@ ConstructionFactory (before PhysicsFactory) retrieve the specific construction m
|
||||||
SPDX - License - Identifier: LGPL - 3.0 - or -later
|
SPDX - License - Identifier: LGPL - 3.0 - or -later
|
||||||
Copyright © 2022 Concordia CERC group
|
Copyright © 2022 Concordia CERC group
|
||||||
Project Coder Guille Gutierrez guillermo.gutierrezmorote@concordia.ca
|
Project Coder Guille Gutierrez guillermo.gutierrezmorote@concordia.ca
|
||||||
|
Code contributors: Pilar Monsalvete Alvarez de Uribarri pilar.monsalvete@concordia.ca
|
||||||
"""
|
"""
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
from pathlib import Path
|
from pathlib import Path
|
||||||
from imports.construction.nrel_physics_parameters import NrelPhysicsParameters
|
from imports.construction.nrel_physics_parameters import NrelPhysicsParameters
|
||||||
|
from imports.construction.nrcan_physics_parameters import NrcanPhysicsParameters
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
class ConstructionFactory:
|
class ConstructionFactory:
|
||||||
"""
|
"""
|
||||||
PhysicsFactor class
|
ConstructionFactory class
|
||||||
"""
|
"""
|
||||||
def __init__(self, handler, city, base_path=None):
|
def __init__(self, handler, city, base_path=None):
|
||||||
if base_path is None:
|
if base_path is None:
|
||||||
|
@ -26,6 +29,13 @@ class ConstructionFactory:
|
||||||
NrelPhysicsParameters(self._city, self._base_path).enrich_buildings()
|
NrelPhysicsParameters(self._city, self._base_path).enrich_buildings()
|
||||||
self._city.level_of_detail.construction = 2
|
self._city.level_of_detail.construction = 2
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
def _nrcan(self):
|
||||||
|
"""
|
||||||
|
Enrich the city by using NRCAN information
|
||||||
|
"""
|
||||||
|
NrcanPhysicsParameters(self._city, self._base_path).enrich_buildings()
|
||||||
|
self._city.level_of_detail.construction = 2
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
def enrich(self):
|
def enrich(self):
|
||||||
"""
|
"""
|
||||||
Enrich the city given to the class using the class given handler
|
Enrich the city given to the class using the class given handler
|
||||||
|
|
|
@ -120,6 +120,31 @@ class ComnetUsageParameters:
|
||||||
usage_zone.hours_day = total / 365
|
usage_zone.hours_day = total / 365
|
||||||
usage_zone.days_year = 365
|
usage_zone.days_year = 365
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
max_heating_setpoint = cte.MIN_FLOAT
|
||||||
|
min_heating_setpoint = cte.MAX_FLOAT
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
for schedule in archetype.thermal_control.heating_set_point_schedules:
|
||||||
|
if schedule.values is None:
|
||||||
|
max_heating_setpoint = None
|
||||||
|
min_heating_setpoint = None
|
||||||
|
break
|
||||||
|
if max(schedule.values) > max_heating_setpoint:
|
||||||
|
max_heating_setpoint = max(schedule.values)
|
||||||
|
if min(schedule.values) < min_heating_setpoint:
|
||||||
|
min_heating_setpoint = min(schedule.values)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
min_cooling_setpoint = cte.MAX_FLOAT
|
||||||
|
for schedule in archetype.thermal_control.cooling_set_point_schedules:
|
||||||
|
if schedule.values is None:
|
||||||
|
min_cooling_setpoint = None
|
||||||
|
break
|
||||||
|
if min(schedule.values) < min_cooling_setpoint:
|
||||||
|
min_cooling_setpoint = min(schedule.values)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
usage_zone.thermal_control.mean_heating_set_point = max_heating_setpoint
|
||||||
|
usage_zone.thermal_control.heating_set_back = min_heating_setpoint
|
||||||
|
usage_zone.thermal_control.mean_cooling_set_point = min_cooling_setpoint
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
@staticmethod
|
@staticmethod
|
||||||
def _calculate_internal_gains(archetype):
|
def _calculate_internal_gains(archetype):
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
|
@ -131,9 +131,9 @@ class UsageHelper:
|
||||||
'done changing the keywords.\n')
|
'done changing the keywords.\n')
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
_usage_to_nrcan = {
|
_usage_to_nrcan = {
|
||||||
cte.RESIDENTIAL: 'Multi-unit residential',
|
cte.RESIDENTIAL: 'Multi-unit residential building',
|
||||||
cte.SINGLE_FAMILY_HOUSE: 'Multi-unit residential',
|
cte.SINGLE_FAMILY_HOUSE: 'Multi-unit residential building',
|
||||||
cte.MULTI_FAMILY_HOUSE: 'Multi-unit residential',
|
cte.MULTI_FAMILY_HOUSE: 'Multi-unit residential building',
|
||||||
cte.EDUCATION: 'School/university',
|
cte.EDUCATION: 'School/university',
|
||||||
cte.SCHOOL_WITHOUT_SHOWER: 'School/university',
|
cte.SCHOOL_WITHOUT_SHOWER: 'School/university',
|
||||||
cte.SCHOOL_WITH_SHOWER: 'School/university',
|
cte.SCHOOL_WITH_SHOWER: 'School/university',
|
||||||
|
@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ class UsageHelper:
|
||||||
cte.INDUSTRY: 'Manufacturing Facility',
|
cte.INDUSTRY: 'Manufacturing Facility',
|
||||||
cte.RESTAURANT: 'Dining - family',
|
cte.RESTAURANT: 'Dining - family',
|
||||||
cte.HEALTH_CARE: 'Hospital',
|
cte.HEALTH_CARE: 'Hospital',
|
||||||
cte.RETIREMENT_HOME_OR_ORPHANAGE: 'Multi-unit residential',
|
cte.RETIREMENT_HOME_OR_ORPHANAGE: 'Multi-unit residential building',
|
||||||
cte.OFFICE_AND_ADMINISTRATION: 'Office',
|
cte.OFFICE_AND_ADMINISTRATION: 'Office',
|
||||||
cte.EVENT_LOCATION: 'Convention centre',
|
cte.EVENT_LOCATION: 'Convention centre',
|
||||||
cte.HALL: 'Convention centre',
|
cte.HALL: 'Convention centre',
|
||||||
|
|
|
@ -4,9 +4,8 @@ SPDX - License - Identifier: LGPL - 3.0 - or -later
|
||||||
Copyright © 2022 Concordia CERC group
|
Copyright © 2022 Concordia CERC group
|
||||||
Project Coder Pilar Monsalvete Alvarez de Uribarri pilar.monsalvete@concordia.ca
|
Project Coder Pilar Monsalvete Alvarez de Uribarri pilar.monsalvete@concordia.ca
|
||||||
"""
|
"""
|
||||||
import copy
|
|
||||||
import sys
|
import sys
|
||||||
import numpy
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
import helpers.constants as cte
|
import helpers.constants as cte
|
||||||
from imports.usage.helpers.usage_helper import UsageHelper
|
from imports.usage.helpers.usage_helper import UsageHelper
|
||||||
|
@ -15,8 +14,6 @@ from city_model_structure.building_demand.lighting import Lighting
|
||||||
from city_model_structure.building_demand.occupancy import Occupancy
|
from city_model_structure.building_demand.occupancy import Occupancy
|
||||||
from city_model_structure.building_demand.appliances import Appliances
|
from city_model_structure.building_demand.appliances import Appliances
|
||||||
from city_model_structure.building_demand.thermal_control import ThermalControl
|
from city_model_structure.building_demand.thermal_control import ThermalControl
|
||||||
from city_model_structure.attributes.schedule import Schedule
|
|
||||||
from city_model_structure.building_demand.internal_gain import InternalGain
|
|
||||||
from catalog_factories.usage_catalog_factory import UsageCatalogFactory
|
from catalog_factories.usage_catalog_factory import UsageCatalogFactory
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
@ -35,6 +32,7 @@ class NrcanUsageParameters:
|
||||||
"""
|
"""
|
||||||
city = self._city
|
city = self._city
|
||||||
nrcan_catalog = UsageCatalogFactory('nrcan').catalog
|
nrcan_catalog = UsageCatalogFactory('nrcan').catalog
|
||||||
|
comnet_catalog = UsageCatalogFactory('comnet').catalog
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
for building in city.buildings:
|
for building in city.buildings:
|
||||||
usage_name = UsageHelper.nrcan_from_hub_usage(building.function)
|
usage_name = UsageHelper.nrcan_from_hub_usage(building.function)
|
||||||
|
@ -45,6 +43,14 @@ class NrcanUsageParameters:
|
||||||
f' {building.function}')
|
f' {building.function}')
|
||||||
return
|
return
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
usage_name = UsageHelper.comnet_from_hub_usage(building.function)
|
||||||
|
try:
|
||||||
|
comnet_archetype_usage = self._search_archetypes(comnet_catalog, usage_name)
|
||||||
|
except KeyError:
|
||||||
|
sys.stderr.write(f'Building {building.name} has unknown usage archetype for building function:'
|
||||||
|
f' {building.function}')
|
||||||
|
return
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
for internal_zone in building.internal_zones:
|
for internal_zone in building.internal_zones:
|
||||||
if internal_zone.area is None:
|
if internal_zone.area is None:
|
||||||
raise Exception('Internal zone area not defined, ACH cannot be calculated')
|
raise Exception('Internal zone area not defined, ACH cannot be calculated')
|
||||||
|
@ -56,24 +62,22 @@ class NrcanUsageParameters:
|
||||||
usage_zone = Usage()
|
usage_zone = Usage()
|
||||||
usage_zone.name = usage_name
|
usage_zone.name = usage_name
|
||||||
self._assign_values(usage_zone, archetype_usage, volume_per_area)
|
self._assign_values(usage_zone, archetype_usage, volume_per_area)
|
||||||
|
self._assign_comnet_extra_values(usage_zone, comnet_archetype_usage)
|
||||||
usage_zone.percentage = 1
|
usage_zone.percentage = 1
|
||||||
self._calculate_reduced_values_from_extended_library(usage_zone, archetype_usage)
|
self._calculate_reduced_values_from_extended_library(usage_zone, archetype_usage)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
internal_zone.usages = [usage_zone]
|
internal_zone.usages = [usage_zone]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
@staticmethod
|
@staticmethod
|
||||||
def _search_archetypes(comnet_catalog, usage_name):
|
def _search_archetypes(catalog, usage_name):
|
||||||
comnet_archetypes = comnet_catalog.entries('archetypes').usages
|
archetypes = catalog.entries('archetypes').usages
|
||||||
for building_archetype in comnet_archetypes:
|
for building_archetype in archetypes:
|
||||||
if str(usage_name) == str(building_archetype.name):
|
if str(usage_name) == str(building_archetype.name):
|
||||||
return building_archetype
|
return building_archetype
|
||||||
raise KeyError('archetype not found')
|
raise KeyError('archetype not found')
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
@staticmethod
|
@staticmethod
|
||||||
def _assign_values(usage_zone, archetype, volume_per_area):
|
def _assign_values(usage_zone, archetype, volume_per_area):
|
||||||
# Due to the fact that python is not a typed language, the wrong object type is assigned to
|
|
||||||
# usage_zone.occupancy when writing usage_zone.occupancy = archetype.occupancy.
|
|
||||||
# Same happens for lighting and appliances. Therefore, this walk around has been done.
|
|
||||||
if archetype.mechanical_air_change > 0:
|
if archetype.mechanical_air_change > 0:
|
||||||
usage_zone.mechanical_air_change = archetype.mechanical_air_change
|
usage_zone.mechanical_air_change = archetype.mechanical_air_change
|
||||||
elif archetype.ventilation_rate > 0:
|
elif archetype.ventilation_rate > 0:
|
||||||
|
@ -86,7 +90,7 @@ class NrcanUsageParameters:
|
||||||
_occupancy.sensible_radiative_internal_gain = archetype.occupancy.sensible_radiative_internal_gain
|
_occupancy.sensible_radiative_internal_gain = archetype.occupancy.sensible_radiative_internal_gain
|
||||||
_occupancy.latent_internal_gain = archetype.occupancy.latent_internal_gain
|
_occupancy.latent_internal_gain = archetype.occupancy.latent_internal_gain
|
||||||
_occupancy.sensible_convective_internal_gain = archetype.occupancy.sensible_convective_internal_gain
|
_occupancy.sensible_convective_internal_gain = archetype.occupancy.sensible_convective_internal_gain
|
||||||
_occupancy.occupancy_schedules = archetype.occupancy.occupancy_schedules
|
_occupancy.occupancy_schedules = archetype.occupancy.schedules
|
||||||
usage_zone.occupancy = _occupancy
|
usage_zone.occupancy = _occupancy
|
||||||
_lighting = Lighting()
|
_lighting = Lighting()
|
||||||
_lighting.density = archetype.lighting.density
|
_lighting.density = archetype.lighting.density
|
||||||
|
@ -108,6 +112,13 @@ class NrcanUsageParameters:
|
||||||
_control.hvac_availability_schedules = archetype.thermal_control.hvac_availability_schedules
|
_control.hvac_availability_schedules = archetype.thermal_control.hvac_availability_schedules
|
||||||
usage_zone.thermal_control = _control
|
usage_zone.thermal_control = _control
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
@staticmethod
|
||||||
|
def _assign_comnet_extra_values(usage_zone, archetype):
|
||||||
|
_occupancy = usage_zone.occupancy
|
||||||
|
_occupancy.sensible_radiative_internal_gain = archetype.occupancy.sensible_radiative_internal_gain
|
||||||
|
_occupancy.latent_internal_gain = archetype.occupancy.latent_internal_gain
|
||||||
|
_occupancy.sensible_convective_internal_gain = archetype.occupancy.sensible_convective_internal_gain
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
@staticmethod
|
@staticmethod
|
||||||
def _calculate_reduced_values_from_extended_library(usage_zone, archetype):
|
def _calculate_reduced_values_from_extended_library(usage_zone, archetype):
|
||||||
number_of_days_per_type = {'WD': 251, 'Sat': 52, 'Sun': 62}
|
number_of_days_per_type = {'WD': 251, 'Sat': 52, 'Sun': 62}
|
||||||
|
@ -126,66 +137,27 @@ class NrcanUsageParameters:
|
||||||
usage_zone.hours_day = total / 365
|
usage_zone.hours_day = total / 365
|
||||||
usage_zone.days_year = 365
|
usage_zone.days_year = 365
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
@staticmethod
|
max_heating_setpoint = cte.MIN_FLOAT
|
||||||
def _calculate_internal_gains(archetype):
|
min_heating_setpoint = cte.MAX_FLOAT
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
_DAYS = [cte.MONDAY, cte.TUESDAY, cte.WEDNESDAY, cte.THURSDAY, cte.FRIDAY, cte.SATURDAY, cte.SUNDAY, cte.HOLIDAY]
|
for schedule in archetype.thermal_control.heating_set_point_schedules:
|
||||||
_number_of_days_per_type = [51, 50, 50, 50, 50, 52, 52, 10]
|
if schedule.values is None:
|
||||||
|
max_heating_setpoint = None
|
||||||
|
min_heating_setpoint = None
|
||||||
|
break
|
||||||
|
if max(schedule.values) > max_heating_setpoint:
|
||||||
|
max_heating_setpoint = max(schedule.values)
|
||||||
|
if min(schedule.values) < min_heating_setpoint:
|
||||||
|
min_heating_setpoint = min(schedule.values)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
_mean_internal_gain = InternalGain()
|
min_cooling_setpoint = cte.MAX_FLOAT
|
||||||
_mean_internal_gain.type = 'mean_value_of_internal_gains'
|
for schedule in archetype.thermal_control.cooling_set_point_schedules:
|
||||||
_base_schedule = Schedule()
|
if schedule.values is None:
|
||||||
_base_schedule.type = cte.INTERNAL_GAINS
|
min_cooling_setpoint = None
|
||||||
_base_schedule.time_range = cte.DAY
|
break
|
||||||
_base_schedule.time_step = cte.HOUR
|
if min(schedule.values) < min_cooling_setpoint:
|
||||||
_base_schedule.data_type = cte.FRACTION
|
min_cooling_setpoint = min(schedule.values)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
_latent_heat_gain = archetype.occupancy.latent_internal_gain
|
usage_zone.thermal_control.mean_heating_set_point = max_heating_setpoint
|
||||||
_convective_heat_gain = archetype.occupancy.sensible_convective_internal_gain
|
usage_zone.thermal_control.heating_set_back = min_heating_setpoint
|
||||||
_radiative_heat_gain = archetype.occupancy.sensible_radiative_internal_gain
|
usage_zone.thermal_control.mean_cooling_set_point = min_cooling_setpoint
|
||||||
_total_heat_gain = (_latent_heat_gain + _convective_heat_gain + _radiative_heat_gain)
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
_schedule_values = numpy.zeros([24, 8])
|
|
||||||
_sum = 0
|
|
||||||
for day, _schedule in enumerate(archetype.occupancy.schedules):
|
|
||||||
for v, value in enumerate(_schedule.values):
|
|
||||||
_schedule_values[v, day] = value * _total_heat_gain
|
|
||||||
_sum += value * _total_heat_gain * _number_of_days_per_type[day]
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
_total_heat_gain += archetype.lighting.density + archetype.appliances.density
|
|
||||||
_latent_heat_gain += archetype.lighting.latent_fraction * archetype.lighting.density\
|
|
||||||
+ archetype.appliances.latent_fraction * archetype.appliances.density
|
|
||||||
_radiative_heat_gain = archetype.lighting.radiative_fraction * archetype.lighting.density \
|
|
||||||
+ archetype.appliances.radiative_fraction * archetype.appliances.density
|
|
||||||
_convective_heat_gain = archetype.lighting.convective_fraction * archetype.lighting.density \
|
|
||||||
+ archetype.appliances.convective_fraction * archetype.appliances.density
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
for day, _schedule in enumerate(archetype.lighting.schedules):
|
|
||||||
for v, value in enumerate(_schedule.values):
|
|
||||||
_schedule_values[v, day] += value * archetype.lighting.density
|
|
||||||
_sum += value * archetype.lighting.density * _number_of_days_per_type[day]
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
for day, _schedule in enumerate(archetype.appliances.schedules):
|
|
||||||
for v, value in enumerate(_schedule.values):
|
|
||||||
_schedule_values[v, day] += value * archetype.appliances.density
|
|
||||||
_sum += value * archetype.appliances.density * _number_of_days_per_type[day]
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
_latent_fraction = _latent_heat_gain / _total_heat_gain
|
|
||||||
_radiative_fraction = _radiative_heat_gain / _total_heat_gain
|
|
||||||
_convective_fraction = _convective_heat_gain / _total_heat_gain
|
|
||||||
_average_internal_gain = _sum / _total_heat_gain
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
_schedules = []
|
|
||||||
for day in range(0, len(_DAYS)):
|
|
||||||
_schedule = copy.deepcopy(_base_schedule)
|
|
||||||
_schedule.day_types = [_DAYS[day]]
|
|
||||||
_schedule.values = _schedule_values[:day]
|
|
||||||
_schedules.append(_schedule)
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
_mean_internal_gain.average_internal_gain = _average_internal_gain
|
|
||||||
_mean_internal_gain.latent_fraction = _latent_fraction
|
|
||||||
_mean_internal_gain.convective_fraction = _convective_fraction
|
|
||||||
_mean_internal_gain.radiative_fraction = _radiative_fraction
|
|
||||||
_mean_internal_gain.schedules = _schedules
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
return [_mean_internal_gain]
|
|
||||||
|
|
|
@ -86,11 +86,12 @@ class TestGeometryFactory(TestCase):
|
||||||
elif input_key == 'hft':
|
elif input_key == 'hft':
|
||||||
for building in city.buildings:
|
for building in city.buildings:
|
||||||
building.function = GeometryHelper.libs_function_from_hft(building.function)
|
building.function = GeometryHelper.libs_function_from_hft(building.function)
|
||||||
|
print(construction_key, usage_key)
|
||||||
ConstructionFactory(construction_key, city).enrich()
|
ConstructionFactory(construction_key, city).enrich()
|
||||||
UsageFactory(usage_key, city).enrich()
|
UsageFactory(usage_key, city).enrich()
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
def _test_hft(self, file):
|
def _test_hft(self, file):
|
||||||
_construction_keys = ['nrel']
|
_construction_keys = ['nrcan', 'nrel']
|
||||||
_usage_keys = ['comnet', 'nrcan']
|
_usage_keys = ['comnet', 'nrcan']
|
||||||
for construction_key in _construction_keys:
|
for construction_key in _construction_keys:
|
||||||
for usage_key in _usage_keys:
|
for usage_key in _usage_keys:
|
||||||
|
@ -121,7 +122,7 @@ class TestGeometryFactory(TestCase):
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
def _test_pluto(self, file):
|
def _test_pluto(self, file):
|
||||||
_construction_keys = ['nrel']
|
_construction_keys = ['nrel']
|
||||||
_usage_keys = ['comnet', 'hft']
|
_usage_keys = ['comnet', 'nrcan']
|
||||||
for construction_key in _construction_keys:
|
for construction_key in _construction_keys:
|
||||||
for usage_key in _usage_keys:
|
for usage_key in _usage_keys:
|
||||||
# construction factory called first
|
# construction factory called first
|
||||||
|
|
Loading…
Reference in New Issue
Block a user